自考英语语法：形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构规则

形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构规则

一般单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est；

（1）单音节词如：small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortesttall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest

双音节词如：clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest

(2)．以不发音e结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st；

如：large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest

(3)．在重读闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est；如：big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest

(4)．以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词, 把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est；如：easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest

(5)．其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most；如：beautiful→more beautiful→most beautifuldifferent→more different→most differenteasily→more easily→most easily

注意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用.例句： The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.

（2） 形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示"非常".

It is a most important problem.

It is a very important problem.

(3)．有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记.如：good→better→best well→better→bestbad→worse→worst ill→worse→worsold→older/elder→oldest/eldestmany/much→more→most little→less→leastfar →further/farther→ furthest/farthest